| Question
B: What technology allows the Clean Water Treatment
System™ to operate without chemicals?
Answer:
The FRE-FLO™ Catalytic Water
Conditioner
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Question
C: What are the components of a Clean Water Treatment
System™?
Answer:
There Are Four Main System Components
- Slow Sand
Filter - Simple, Proven, Effective! Easy to Set-up, Operate
and Maintain!
- FRE-FLO™
Catalytic Water Conditioner - catalyzes dissolved calcium and
bicarbonate to change into Vaterite crystals, a specific crystalline,
"spherical" form of Calcium Carbonate that does not
produce scaling. Membrane scaling is thereby prevented in the
Nanofilter and RO membranes allowing them to perform at maximum
effectiveness with very little maintenance.
- Nanofilters
and Reverse Osmosis Membranes - Proven, Reliable and Effective
- Used throughout the world.
- Bioremediation
- Only used in situations where there is a need to destroy Perchlorate
and other bioactive contaminants and impurities such as Nitrates
in the RO discharge that would be harmful to the environment.
Most situations do not require the application of Bioremediation
technology.
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Question
D: Is there more information about the proven and
reliable technologies that are utilized in the Clean Water Treatment
System™?
Answer:
Slow Sand
Filters have been used extensively in Europe for water purification
since the early 1800s and are still used in London today. They
can remove up to 99.99 percent of turbidity, bacteria, viruses,
and Giardia Lamblia cysts without the need for chemical flocculants
or the use of electrical power. A slow sand filter consists
of filter beds containing 3 to 4 feet of sand placed over a
gravel-supported under-drain. These beds have a large surface
area to provide a slow and even flow of water to the nanofiltration
membrane unit.
A Slow Sand
Filter filtration rate of approximately 0.1 gallons per minute
per square foot of filter surface area works well with most
water conditions. Slow Sand Filters are easily cleaned every
few months by lowering the water level in the filter and removing
the top 3/8 inch of sand. A 400,000 gallon per day (gpd) system
using a 2000 square foot Slow Sand Filter can be cleaned in
about an hour by one person.
A
FRE-FLO™ Catalytic Water Conditioner is a device that
causes a slight pressure drop plus a metallic core that catalyzes
dissolved calcium and bicarbonate to change into Vaterite crystals.
This process prevents scaling and fouling of the Nanofilter
membranes, allowing them to work at maximum effectiveness and
performance with very little maintenance.
The FRE-FLO™
Catalytic Water Conditioner has no moving parts or chemicals,
using a physical principle called "epitaxial nucleation",
aided by a pressure drop and a non-destructable, metallic, catalytic,
core. Since nothing wears out, FRE-FLO units can be effective
for decades with only an occasional cleaning using a mild acid.
The Nanofilter/3-Stage
Reverse Osmosis (RO) System is standard technology used in numerous
applications worldwide. Clean Water Treatment Product performance
is enhanced by the pre-treatment combination of the Slow Sand
Filter plus the FRE-FLO Catalytic Water Conditioner.
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Question
E: What is Nanofiltration?
Answer:
Nanofiltration
is a membrane liquid separation technology that is similar to
RO. Nanofiltration removes molecules in the 0.001 micron range.
It is effective in removing bacteria, viruses, heavy metals
and organics and is useful in treating well water and many surface
water supplies like rivers or lakes, producing high quality
drinking water.
Nanofiltration
has an advantage over RO in that it requires far lower pressures
to force the water through the membrane and thus uses much less
electrical power. It also produces lower percentages of reject
water and thus more product water. Nanofilters come in a variety
of porosities that can be selected to remove most contaminants
of concern including Perchlorate and other organics.
The treatment
of brackish water or seawater requires RO Membranes to remove
sodium chloride salt.
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Question
F: What is Bioremediation?
Answer:
Bioremediation
is used in specific applications where there is a requirement
to destroy concentrated Perchlorate and other bioactive contaminants
and impurities such as nitrates, in the Clean Water Treatment
System™ concentrated RO Discharge.
Perchlorate
reject water is passed through a Dynamic Suspended Bed Bioreactor
(DSBR). The DSBR is an efficient, simple, cost-effective way
to destroy Perchlorate. The DSBR consists of two vessels, each
containing bacteria in plastic medium suspension targeted to
the specific contaminant.
As the RO
rejectate passes through the system, bacteria are fed an organic
substrate (electron donor) and combine oxidation of the organic
substrate with depletion of oxygen (as well as nitrate, if present)
in the first reactor vessel. Reduction of Perchlorate occurs
in the second vessel. The effluent from this system has been
demonstrated to be Perchlorate-free (<4 parts per billion
- ppb). Secondary treatment/disinfection can remove residual
bacteria and other by-products depending on the requirements
for the rejected water.
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Question
G: What are the benefits of a Clean Water Treatment
System™?
Answer:
- Chemical
free system operation: No need to transport or store dangerous
chemicals!
- Produces
high quality drinking water that meets all US-EPA and WHO water
quality purity requirements.
- Designed
as portable, modular, systems which can be combined for desired
flow rates up to 1,000,000 gallons per day. Systems can be "containerized"
within a customized 40 foot standard ISO shipping container
as the final "housing" for the system - fully operational
and plug and play. Click
for image
- Has low
operating costs and runs on electricity at the site or on a
portable generator.
- Non-polluting:
No dangerous by-products.
- Unattended
Operation: No need for constant presence of an operator.
- Requires
minimal maintenance: cleaning is normally done once every few
months and takes only a few hours by an unskilled technician.
- Proven
reliability for trouble-free operations for years.
- Compact:
As an example, (not including the Slow Sand Filter that varies
in size by site and location specific requirements), a Clean
Water Treatment System™ modular unit of 4x5x16 foot dimensions
can produce 125,000 gallons per day of high quality drinking
water from surface water or 60,000 gallons per day from sea
water.
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Question
H: What modular systems are available?
Answer:
The following "base modular systems" are available:
Contaminated
Water and Brackish Water Sources
up to 1000 ppm Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and 250 ppm Hardness
| Model
# |
Output
GPM |
Output
GPD |
| CWP100 |
2.5 |
3,600 |
| CWP200 |
5 |
7,200 |
| CWP400 |
10 |
14,400 |
| CWP800 |
20 |
28,800 |
| CWP2104 |
50 |
50,000 |
| CWP2108 |
170 |
244,800 |
Seawater Sources up to a maximum of 40,000 TDS
| Model
# |
Output
GPM |
Output
GPD |
| CWP 100
NanoSW |
1 |
1,440 |
| CWP 800
NanoSW |
5 |
7,200 |
| CWP
2808 NanoSW |
41 |
60,000 |
Note: A
Slow Sand Filter is essential to all systems.
Electrical - 220v 50 Hz
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Question
I: How do I obtain a quotation for my system?
Answer:
Clean Water
Treatment Systems™ are specifically designed for cost-effective
treatment of a selected water source. The system outputs shown
in the tables above, in the answer to question H, are
based on very specific requirements of the source water to be
treated. The limits for seawater are up to 40,000 Total Dissolved
Solids (TDS) and Contaminated and Brackish Water up to 6000
ppm.
Source water
quality can vary widely by location, particularly for inland,
brackish water sources. Seawater TDS values vary around the
world from as low as 18,000 TDS to over 40,000 TDS. Source water
factors, such as TDS, have implications for system design and
cost.
Therefore,
to provide an accurate quotation will require that each client
provide water quality data that is specific to your source water
and output water quality requirements.
The starting
point for a quotation is to download and complete the USDI
Water Treatment Project and Water Quality Data Form Click
Here and email the completed form as an attachment
to info@usdesalinternational.com
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